The Origin And Evolution of Business

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• Origin and evolution of business.
• Business history
• Business from antiquity to the present day

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The origin and development of business is inseparable from the development of human civilization.

In ancient times, people satisfied their needs. Then human needs were reduced to feeding the hungry.

The boundaries of people's tastes or needs are constantly expanding every day. People have been trying to fill this gap in demand for a long time. But it was impossible.

Due to the division of labor, on the one hand, there is a surplus of production, on the other hand, an incomplete shortage.

As a result, he began exchanging goods with others under his responsibility to meet the needs of others.

Later, the exchange system became not very convenient for various reasons . As a result, gold, silver and other precious metals gradually entered the stock exchange. This simplified the system of exchange and various forms of trade appeared. A group of businessmen decided to earn extra money.

Production was then reduced mainly to agriculture, hunting, animal husbandry and handicrafts. This system of production based on human labor has evolved over time in various societies, but its limitations have never been overcome.

The later development of a mechanized civilization created opportunities for mass production. And here we are faced with the existence of a global market.

The various stages of this long business development are explained below:

a) First stage
The people of this era were completely dependent on nature. At that time, the main occupation of people was the collection of fruits and fishing in the forest.

1. First step:
For a long time after man came to earth, he was a nomad. People made their living by hunting and gathering.

People made their living by hunting and gathering. Gradually, people began to live in groups.

At this stage, there is a serious shortage of clothing and hospitality. Gradually, some permanent residents controlled how people cultivated the land.

People began to breed animals. At that time, the domestic economy was not developing.

2. Direct exchange:
In ancient times, the production system was thought to revolve around the needs of the family.

However, it was later revealed that each family was given a unique opportunity to produce one product at a time.

As a result, in the production of any product there is a surplus, in any case, a shortage. This means that a household cannot produce one product but cannot produce another. So this requirement makes it different.

Therefore, the coat must be tucked in. Thus the barter or barter system was introduced or created.

At some stage, the business began under the barter system. But the system failed due to the complications of non-compliance, short notice, and could not meet the needs of the people.

b) Middle Ages
The Middle Ages began with the transition from the trading system to the industrial revolution. The system of production and distribution was improved during the Middle Ages.

1. Introduction to finance:
Given the pointlessness of the barter system, people seek barter to meet their needs.

Rare snails, oysters, stones, etc. are found in this layer of various communities.

As a result, there was a certain expansion of transactions. Such operations take the form of a business.

Later, when the society or state system became somewhat self-sufficient, the king or the socialists introduced precious coins.

In addition to buying and selling goods, this system facilitates the payment of rent, wages, etc.

As a result, the distribution of the working class and the level of business activity increased significantly.

2. Market and urban development:-
After the money came in, the business expanded and markets sprang up in various places.

As the population in these areas gradually increased, urban life was born at once.

At that time, the production of various industrial goods began, which tried to satisfy the needs of the townspeople. Boats and horse-drawn carts are used to transport goods.

Currently, the issue of safety when importing products is being considered. It was also noted that fraud and distrust in business can be widespread.

As a result, a merchant guild and a guild of artisans were formed. It plays an important role in the development of trade and commerce.

3. Colonialism:
Although trade spread to different parts of the world, trade flourished in the Mediterranean.

Because of this, merchants or businessmen in the region are looking for new markets for their products. During this time, many European companies tried to establish colonies in different parts of the world in the name of trade.

European companies experienced a golden age of prosperity overnight, buying cheap raw materials from the colonies and selling expensive manufactured goods.

Among these companies, trade outside the Indian subcontinent was dominated by the East India Company, as well as the Hudson's Bay Company in North America and the Moscow Company in Russia.

Thus, at this stage, the business is able to reach the international level.

c) modern level;
At present, various profitable enterprises have begun. From the industrial revolution to the present, this is called the modern stage.

1. Industrial Revolution:
Trade flourished in the late Middle Ages, but merchants could not meet the needs of society with muscle-based production systems.

Thus, between 1750 and 1850 , some new inventions changed the system of production and distribution in the history of trade. The invention of the steam engine by James Ward led to the development of mechanical energy.

The jenny spinning machine was invented by James Hargreaves in 1764 or 1765 , the power loom by Kay, Arkwright invented the water frame, Compton invented the sole, and the invention of all these devices played an important role in the development of weaving. 

Thus, the revolutionary development that took place in the industrial world of Europe between 1750 and 1850 is called the Industrial Revolution. This revolution led to industrialization and the development of longstanding family production systems that led to mass production and distribution.

The use of mechanical energy has led to the expansion of transportation systems.

2. Development and modernization of technologies: -
As a result of the industrial revolution, various industrial enterprises were created at home and abroad, which achieved high rates of economic growth.

Internationally, an increasingly competitive environment has been created, leading to improved product quality , new experimentation and research to reduce costs.

Thanks to all this activity, the development of technology has acquired a wide scope. The use of this new technology will further accelerate business development. This is how we entered the world of computer technology today.

Global markets and free market economies are gaining respect and business growth.